本文由 简悦 SimpRead 转码， 原文地址 blog.csdn.net
1. 什么是 liquibase？
Liquibase 是一个用于跟踪、管理和应用数据库变化的开源的数据库重构工具。它将所有数据库的变化（包括结构和数据）都保存在 changelog 文件中，便于版本控制，它的目标是提供一种数据库类型无关的解决方案，通过执行 schema 类型的文件来达到迁移。
Liquibase 特性
- 支持几乎所有主流的数据库，如 MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle, Sql Server, DB2 等；
- 支持多开发者的协作维护；
- 日志文件支持多种格式，如 XML, YAML, JSON, SQL 等；
- 支持上下文相关逻辑
- 生成数据库变更文档
- 支持多种运行方式，如命令行、Spring 集成、Maven 插件、Gradle 插件等。
2. 环境准备
version: '3'
services:
mysql:
image: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/zhengqing/mysql:5.7
container_name: mysql_3306
restart: unless-stopped
volumes:
- "./mysql/my.cnf:/etc/mysql/my.cnf"
- "./mysql/init-file.sql:/etc/mysql/init-file.sql"
- "./mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql"
# - "./mysql/conf.d:/etc/mysql/conf.d"
- "./mysql/log/mysql/error.log:/var/log/mysql/error.log"
- "./mysql/docker-entrypoint-initdb.d:/docker-entrypoint-initdb.d" # init sql script directory -- tips: it can be excute when `/var/lib/mysql` is empty
environment: # set environment,equals docker run -e
TZ: Asia/Shanghai
LANG: en_US.UTF-8
MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: root # set root password
MYSQL_DATABASE: root # init database name
ports: # port mappping
- "3306:3306"
注意 my.cnf 在 windows 系统必须为只读，否则忽略
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>3.2.1</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>Liquibase</artifactId>
<properties>
<maven.compiler.source>17</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>17</maven.compiler.target>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-autoconfigure</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.liquibase</groupId>
<artifactId>liquibase-core</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>8.0.33</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.liquibase</groupId>
<artifactId>liquibase-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<!--生成Changelog的输出目录-->
<outputChangeLogFile>${basedir}/src/main/resources/liquibase/generate/changeLog.xml</outputChangeLogFile>
<!--DB连接信息-->
<driver>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</driver>
<url>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/demo?useSSL=false</url>
<username>root</username>
<password>root</password>
<dropFirst>false</dropFirst>
<verbose>true</verbose>
<logging>debug</logging>
<promptOnNonLocalDatabase>false</promptOnNonLocalDatabase>
<outputFileEncoding>UTF-8</outputFileEncoding>
<propertyFileWillOverride>true</propertyFileWillOverride>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
3. 代码工程
实验目标
实验 mysql 数据初始化
pom.xml
spring.datasource.url = jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/demo?createDatabaseIfNotExist=true&allowMultiQueries=true&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8&serverTimezone=GMT%2B8&useSSL=false
spring.datasource.username = root
spring.datasource.password = root
spring.datasource.driver-class-name = com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
spring.liquibase.change-log = classpath:liquibase/master.xml
spring.liquibase.contexts = dev
applocation.properties
2024-08-05T14:36:52.691+08:00 INFO 26572 --- [ main] liquibase.changelog : Reading from demo.databasechangelog
Database is up to date, no changesets to execute
2024-08-05T14:36:52.730+08:00 INFO 26572 --- [ main] liquibase.changelog : Reading from demo.databasechangelog
2024-08-05T14:36:52.737+08:00 INFO 26572 --- [ main] liquibase.util : UPDATE SUMMARY
2024-08-05T14:36:52.737+08:00 INFO 26572 --- [ main] liquibase.util : Run: 0
2024-08-05T14:36:52.737+08:00 INFO 26572 --- [ main] liquibase.util : Previously run: 1
2024-08-05T14:36:52.737+08:00 INFO 26572 --- [ main] liquibase.util : Filtered out: 0
2024-08-05T14:36:52.737+08:00 INFO 26572 --- [ main] liquibase.util : -------------------------------
2024-08-05T14:36:52.737+08:00 INFO 26572 --- [ main] liquibase.util : Total change sets: 1
2024-08-05T14:36:52.738+08:00 INFO 26572 --- [ main] liquibase.util : Update summary generated
2024-08-05T14:36:52.755+08:00 INFO 26572 --- [ main] liquibase.lockservice : Successfully released change log lock
2024-08-05T14:36:52.757+08:00 INFO 26572 --- [ main] liquibase.command : Command execution complete
changlog 配置目录
也可以使用插件生成，如下图所示
以上只是一些关键代码，所有代码请参见下面代码仓库
代码仓库
4. 测试
启动 Spring Boot 应用程序，查看启动日志
2024-08-05T14:36:52.691+08:00 INFO 26572 --- [ main] liquibase.changelog : Reading from demo.databasechangelog
Database is up to date, no changesets to execute
2024-08-05T14:36:52.730+08:00 INFO 26572 --- [ main] liquibase.changelog : Reading from demo.databasechangelog
2024-08-05T14:36:52.737+08:00 INFO 26572 --- [ main] liquibase.util : UPDATE SUMMARY
2024-08-05T14:36:52.737+08:00 INFO 26572 --- [ main] liquibase.util : Run: 0
2024-08-05T14:36:52.737+08:00 INFO 26572 --- [ main] liquibase.util : Previously run: 1
2024-08-05T14:36:52.737+08:00 INFO 26572 --- [ main] liquibase.util : Filtered out: 0
2024-08-05T14:36:52.737+08:00 INFO 26572 --- [ main] liquibase.util : -------------------------------
2024-08-05T14:36:52.737+08:00 INFO 26572 --- [ main] liquibase.util : Total change sets: 1
2024-08-05T14:36:52.738+08:00 INFO 26572 --- [ main] liquibase.util : Update summary generated
2024-08-05T14:36:52.755+08:00 INFO 26572 --- [ main] liquibase.lockservice : Successfully released change log lock
2024-08-05T14:36:52.757+08:00 INFO 26572 --- [ main] liquibase.command : Command execution complete
因为我之前已经启动过一次，sql 已经被执行了，所以第二次不会再执行。
Liquibase 默认会生成 databasechangelog 和 databasechangeloglock 表（记录变更日志）