在微服务框架中,一个由客户端发起的请求在后端系统中会经过多个不同的的服务节点调用来协同产生最后的请求结果,每一个前段请求都会形成一条复杂的分布式服务调用链路,链路中的任何一环出现高延时或错误都会引起整个请求最后的失败。
在分布式与微服务场景下,我们需要解决如下问题:
在大规模分布式与微服务集群下,如何实时观测系统的整体调用链路情况。在大规模分布式与微服务集群下,如何快速发现并定位到问题。在大规模分布式与微服务集群下,如何尽可能精确的判断故障对系统的影响范围与影响程度。在大规模分布式与微服务集群下,如何尽可能精确的梳理出服务之间的依赖关系,并判断出服务之间的依赖关系是否合理。在大规模分布式与微服务集群下,如何尽可能精确的分析整个系统调用链路的性能与瓶颈点。在大规模分布式与微服务集群下,如何尽可能精确的分析系统的存储瓶颈与容量规划。
上述问题的答案:
分布式链路追踪技术要解决的问题,分布式链路追踪(Distributed Tracing),就是将一次分布式请求还原成调用链路,进行日志记录,性能监控并将一次分布式请求的调用情况集中展示。比如各个服务节点上的耗时、请求具体到达哪台机器上、每个服务节点的请求状态等等。
Micrometer Tracing是基于Micrometer指标库的分布式追踪解决方案。Micrometer是一种用于应用程序监控的指标库,它允许开发者收集和暴露应用程序运行时的各种指标。Micrometer Tracing通过集成分布式追踪系统,如Jaeger或Zipkin,提供对分布式系统中请求的追踪支持。它可以用于测量请求的开始和结束时间,并将这些信息与其他指标一起报告。
Zipkin是一个开源的分布式追踪系统,它可以帮助开发者实现对分布式系统中请求的跟踪和记录。Zipkin提供了一个可视化的UI界面,开发者可以通过该界面查看请求的跟踪信息,包括请求的起始时间、处理时间、服务调用链等。Zipkin还提供了一组API,允许开发者将请求的跟踪信息导出到其他系统进行进一步分析。
Micrometer Tracing可以与Zipkin集成,通过Micrometer Tracing将请求的跟踪信息导出到Zipkin进行跟踪和分析。开发者只需要配置Micrometer Tracing,然后将Zipkin作为信息的目标,就可以将跟踪信息发送到Zipkin服务器。然后,开发者可以使用Zipkin UI界面查看请求的跟踪信息,以及分析和优化应用程序性能。
Zipkin是一种分布式链路跟踪系统图形化的工具,Zipkin 是 Twitter 开源的分布式跟踪系统,能够收集微服务运行过程中的实时调用链路信息,并能够将这些调用链路信息展示到Web图形化界面上供开发人员分析,开发人员能够从ZipKin中分析出调用链路中的性能瓶颈,识别出存在问题的应用程序,进而定位问题和解决问题。
在文件目录下打开cmd窗口,执行 java -jar zipkin-server-3.4.1-exec.jar 命令
网址:http://localhost:9411/

//父工程添加依赖
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.dc.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>cloud2024</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>pom</packaging>
<modules>
<module>mybatis_generator2024</module>
<module>cloud-provider-payment8001</module>
<module>cloud-consumer-order80</module>
<module>cloud-api-commons</module>
<module>cloud_provider-payment8002</module>
<module>cloud-consumer-feign-order80</module>
</modules>
<properties>
<maven.compiler.source>17</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>17</maven.compiler.target>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<hutool.version>5.8.22</hutool.version>
<lombok.version>1.18.26</lombok.version>
<druid.version>1.1.20</druid.version>
<mybatis.springboot.version>3.0.2</mybatis.springboot.version>
<mysql.version>8.0.11</mysql.version>
<swagger3.version>2.2.0</swagger3.version>
<mapper.version>4.2.3</mapper.version>
<fastjson2.version>2.0.41</fastjson2.version>
<persistence-api.version>1.0.2</persistence-api.version>
<spring.boot.test.version>3.1.5</spring.boot.test.version>
<spring.boot.version>3.2.0</spring.boot.version>
<spring.cloud.version>2023.0.0</spring.cloud.version>
<spring.cloud.alibaba.version>2022.0.0.0-RC2</spring.cloud.alibaba.version>
<micrometer-tracing.version>1.2.0</micrometer-tracing.version>
<micrometer-observation.version>1.12.0</micrometer-observation.version>
<feign-micrometer.version>12.5</feign-micrometer.version>
<zipkin-reporter-brave.version>2.17.0</zipkin-reporter-brave.version>
</properties>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<!--springboot 3.2.0-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>${
spring.boot.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
<!--springcloud 2023.0.0-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${
spring.cloud.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
<!--springcloud alibaba 2022.0.0.0-RC2-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${
spring.cloud.alibaba.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
<!--SpringBoot集成mybatis-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>${
mybatis.springboot.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!--Mysql数据库驱动8 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>${
mysql.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!--SpringBoot集成druid连接池-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>${
druid.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!--通用Mapper4之tk.mybatis-->
<dependency>
<groupId>tk.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mapper</artifactId>
<version>${
mapper.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!--persistence-->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.persistence</groupId>
<artifactId>persistence-api</artifactId>
<version>${
persistence-api.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- fastjson2 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.fastjson2</groupId>
<artifactId>fastjson2</artifactId>
<version>2.0.40</version>
</dependency>
<!-- swagger3 调用方式 http://你的主机IP地址:5555/swagger-ui/index.html -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springdoc</groupId>
<artifactId>springdoc-openapi-starter-webmvc-ui</artifactId>
<version>${
swagger3.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!--hutool-->
<dependency>
<groupId>cn.hutool</groupId>
<artifactId>hutool-all</artifactId>
<version>${
hutool.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!--lombok-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<version>${
lombok.version}</version>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<!-- spring-boot-starter-test -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<version>${
spring.boot.test.version}</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!--micrometer-tracing-bom导入链路追踪版本中心 1-->
<dependency>
<groupId>io.micrometer</groupId>
<artifactId>micrometer-tracing-bom</artifactId>
<version>${
micrometer-tracing.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
<!--micrometer-tracing指标追踪 2-->
<dependency>
<groupId>io.micrometer</groupId>
<artifactId>micrometer-tracing</artifactId>
<version>${
micrometer-tracing.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!--micrometer-tracing-bridge-brave适配zipkin的桥接包 3-->
<dependency>
<groupId>io.micrometer</groupId>
<artifactId>micrometer-tracing-bridge-brave</artifactId>
<version>${
micrometer-tracing.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!--micrometer-observation 4-->
<dependency>
<groupId>io.micrometer</groupId>
<artifactId>micrometer-observation</artifactId>
<version>${
micrometer-observation.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!--feign-micrometer 5-->
<dependency>
<groupId>io.github.openfeign</groupId>
<artifactId>feign-micrometer</artifactId>
<version>${
feign-micrometer.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!--zipkin-reporter-brave 6-->
<dependency>
<groupId>io.zipkin.reporter2</groupId>
<artifactId>zipkin-reporter-brave</artifactId>
<version>${
zipkin-reporter-brave.version}</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
</project>
//8001端口添加依赖
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>com.dc.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>cloud2024</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<artifactId>cloud-provider-payment8001</artifactId>
<properties>
<maven.compiler.source>17</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>17</maven.compiler.target>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<!--micrometer-tracing指标追踪 1-->
<dependency>
<groupId>io.micrometer</groupId>
<artifactId>micrometer-tracing</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--micrometer-tracing-bridge-brave适配zipkin的桥接包 2-->
<dependency>
<groupId>io.micrometer</groupId>
<artifactId>micrometer-tracing-bridge-brave</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--micrometer-observation 3-->
<dependency>
<groupId>io.micrometer</groupId>
<artifactId>micrometer-observation</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--feign-micrometer 4-->
<dependency>
<groupId>io.github.openfeign</groupId>
<artifactId>feign-micrometer</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--zipkin-reporter-brave 5-->
<dependency>
<groupId>io.zipkin.reporter2</groupId>
<artifactId>zipkin-reporter-brave</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--SpringCloud consul config-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-consul-config</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-bootstrap</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--SpringCloud consul discovery -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-consul-discovery</artifactId>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
<!-- 引入自己定义的api通用包 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.dc.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>
<!--SpringBoot通用依赖模块-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--SpringBoot集成druid连接池-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- Swagger3 调用方式 http://你的主机IP地址:5555/swagger-ui/index.html -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springdoc</groupId>
<artifactId>springdoc-openapi-starter-webmvc-ui</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--mybatis和springboot整合-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--Mysql数据库驱动8 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--persistence-->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.persistence</groupId>
<artifactId>persistence-api</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--通用Mapper4-->
<dependency>
<groupId>tk.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mapper</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--hutool-->
<dependency>
<groupId>cn.hutool</groupId>
<artifactId>hutool-all</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- fastjson2 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.fastjson2</groupId>
<artifactId>fastjson2</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--lombok-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<version>1.18.28</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<!--test-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.3.0</version>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
//8001端口添加yml配置
# ========================zipkin===================
management:
zipkin:
tracing:
endpoint: http://localhost:9411/api/v2/spans
tracing:
sampling:
probability: 1.0 #采样率默认为0.1(0.1就是10次只能有一次被记录下来),值越大收集越及时。
//8001新建业务类PayMicrometerController
@RestController
public class PayMicrometerController
{
/**
* Micrometer(Sleuth)进行链路监控的例子
* @param id
* @return
*/
@GetMapping(value = "/pay/micrometer/{id}")
public String myMicrometer(@PathVariable("id") Integer id)
{
return "Hello, 欢迎到来myMicrometer inputId: "+id+" \t 服务返回:" + IdUtil.simpleUUID();
}
}
//通用接口新增
/**
* Micrometer(Sleuth)进行链路监控的例子
* @param id
* @return
*/
@GetMapping(value = "/pay/micrometer/{id}")
public String myMicrometer(@PathVariable("id") Integer id);
//80端口新增依赖
<!--micrometer-tracing指标追踪 1-->
<dependency>
<groupId>io.micrometer</groupId>
<artifactId>micrometer-tracing</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--micrometer-tracing-bridge-brave适配zipkin的桥接包 2-->
<dependency>
<groupId>io.micrometer</groupId>
<artifactId>micrometer-tracing-bridge-brave</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--micrometer-observation 3-->
<dependency>
<groupId>io.micrometer</groupId>
<artifactId>micrometer-observation</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--feign-micrometer 4-->
<dependency>
<groupId>io.github.openfeign</groupId>
<artifactId>feign-micrometer</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--zipkin-reporter-brave 5-->
<dependency>
<groupId>io.zipkin.reporter2</groupId>
<artifactId>zipkin-reporter-brave</artifactId>
</dependency>
//80端口yml配置
# zipkin图形展现地址和采样率设置
management:
zipkin:
tracing:
endpoint: http://localhost:9411/api/v2/spans
tracing:
sampling:
probability: 1.0 #采样率默认为0.1(0.1就是10次只能有一次被记录下来),值越大收集越及时。
//80端口新建业务类
@RestController
@Slf4j
public class OrderMicrometerController
{
@Resource
private PayFeignApi payFeignApi;
@GetMapping(value = "/feign/micrometer/{id}")
public String myMicrometer(@PathVariable("id") Integer id)
{
return payFeignApi.myMicrometer(id);
}
}

原文链接: https://blog.csdn.net/qq_53568730/article/details/142315448